VIDEOCONFERENCE HEARINGS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: A EUROPEAN LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
The use of videoconferencing in criminal proceedings has become increasingly common, particularly in cases involving cross-border elements. What was once considered an exceptional procedural tool is now more frequently used to facilitate cooperation between judicial authorities, reduce delays, and address practical difficulties related to distance, costs, and time constraints. This paper examines videoconference hearings in criminal proceedings within the European legal framework, focusing on the Third Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union (2000 EU MLA Convention), the Directive on the European Investigation Order, and Regulation (EU) 2023/2844 on the Digitalisation of Judicial Cooperation.
The paper provides an overview of the legal bases and main objectives of these instruments with regard to the use of videoconferencing for hearings, questioning of suspects, witnesses, and experts, as well as other procedural acts. It explores how videoconferencing is positioned as a tool for improving the efficiency of criminal proceedings while supporting judicial cooperation between states.
At the same time, the paper addresses the importance of ensuring that the use of videoconference hearings does not undermine fundamental procedural guarantees, including the rights of the defence and the right to a fair trial.
Keywords: videoconference hearings, criminal proceedings, European Union, judicial cooperation in criminal matters, digitalisation of justice.
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